The article compares single-mode and multimode fiber optic cables, especially in how their core design, light propagation, and use-cases differ. Single-mode fiber has a very small core diameter (8-10 microns) and uses lasers or highly focused light sources so that only one light mode travels through at a time. This greatly reduces signal dispersion, permitting high bandwidth over long distances, with low loss—ideal for telecom backbones, submarine cables, and large-scale data center links. On the other hand, multimode fiber has a larger core (50-62.5 microns), allowing multiple light modes to travel simultaneously. It typically uses LEDs, has more signal dispersion, and is more suited to short-distance links (e.g. within buildings, campuses) because its performance degrades over longer spans.
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